Mira Schendel with her sculpture Droguinhas (Little Nothing) on show in London’s Signals Gallery, 1966. Photo: Clay Perry, England & Co Gallery
The traveling gallery exhibition, originally from New York’s Hauser & Wirth, “Mira Schendel. Sarrafos and Black and White Works,” organized with Olivier Renaud-Clément, is a small black-and-white gem in collaboration with Galeria Bergamin & Gomide in São Paulo where it is now on show. It is no overstatement to say cerebral and poetically profound Swiss-born naturalized Brazilian Mira Schendel (1919-1988) is one of the trailblazers of contemporary art in Brazil along with Lygia Clark and Helio Oiticica. Marking three decades since her death, the show assembles her last two major bodies of work, the “Sarrafo” (Splinter, 1987) series with its rectangular tableaux that merge painting with sculpture through large white monochromes with attached black bars, and the minimalist egg tempera painting series “Brancos e Pretos” (Black and White, 1985-1987), as well as a nucleus with works on paper, one of her preferred mediums.
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Untitled (from the Aguadas series), c. 1963, China ink on paper, 32,3 x 46 cm. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa
Subtly woven in Mira Schendel’s mesmerizing art is a perennial sense of void, for she saw herself as a product of the Jewish postwar diaspora, roaming about Europe as a rootless immigrant, not at home anywhere—not even in Brazil where she embraced art and set up from 1949 to her death at sixty-nine, leaving a daughter. As soon as 1952, she presented her inaugural solo exhibition in the southern state capital of Porto Alegre, at The Centro Cultural Brasil-Estados Unidos (Brazil-USA Cultural Center). Two years later, then established in São Paulo, her museum exhibition debut in the Museu de Arte Moderna (MAM) was simply titled “Mira. Exposição de Pinturas.” The paintings caught the eyes of local critics and landed her the following year at the São Paulo Biennale, leading to ten participations over her career plus a posthumous showing in 2010. By 1968, she was selected to the official exhibition of the Venice Biennale. However two years before that, her first solo international experience in a Lisbon gallery where she showed drawings on paper was deemed too avant-garde and shunned by the Portuguese press but nonetheless praised by the foremost local critic.
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Untitled, c. 1964-1965, China Ink on Japanese paper, 47 x 23 cm. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa
In the 1960s and 1970s, English art critic and curator Guy Brett played a central role in promoting experimental Latin American art. He organized the artist’s groundbreaking first solo show at London’s late Signals gallery in 1966, where her knotted-paper sculpture “Droguinhas” (Little Nothing) was unveiled. In 2014, Brett recalled their friendship during the artist’s traveling exhibition “Mira Schendel” at Serralves Museum in Porto, Portugal, originally presented at Tate Modern the year before and also shown in São Paulo’s Pinacoteca. He said: “I met her in 1965, when I went to Brazil as art critic for The Times newspaper. Back in London I began a correspondence with Mira. Now after all these years she has finally been given the recognition outside Brazil that she rightfully deserves, beginning with the exhibition at the Tate Modern, that showed the wide range of her interests. She didn’t try to build a career or produce a characteristic style, she just liked to experiment with materials, paper, ink, whatever. Another interesting thing about Mira is she was a very humorous person. She wasn’t pretentious, philosophical, although she was fascinated by philosophy but not in a pretentious way. She was also very tolerant with art critics, oftentimes she would say, ‘don’t worry, each person sees as they can,’ which was a very wise way of putting it.”
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Untitled, c. 1964-1965, China Ink on Japanese paper, 47 x 23 cm. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa
Some other important posthumous exhibitions include “Mira Schendel” at Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 2001; “Tangled Alphabets: León Ferrari and Mira Schendel,” at the MoMA, New York, 2008, that traveled to Porto Alegre and Madrid; and “Sinais/Signals de Mira Schendel,” at São Paulo’s MAM through April, 2018.
We interviewed Thiago Gomide, co-founder of Galeria Bergamin & Gomide in São Paulo’s posh Jardins neighborhood.
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Untitled (from Black and White series), 1987, Acrylic, gesso, oil and tempera on wood, 90 x 180 cm, Signed on the reverse. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa
Thiago, the exhibition is a partnership between your gallery and internationally renowned Hauser & Wirth, manager of the Mira Schendel Estate since 2013, in collaboration with French private dealer Olivier Renaud-Clément. How did this come about? I met Olivier in 2015 at Hauser & Wirth’s Upper East Side New York address during the Takesada Matsutani show that sealed our gallery’s third collaboration with Hauser when we exhibited the Gutai artist in March this year in our space in São Paulo—our first collaboration was the exhibition by Italian artist Fabio Mauri. Personally, I had the opportunity to get to know Mira Schendel’s oeuvre because my partner’s father, art dealer Jones Bergamin of São Paulo’s Bolsa de Arte, had a magnificent collection of her works. I worked with Jones from 2007 to 2012, when Antonia took over and we became partners. In Art Basel 2016, Bergamin & Gomide organized a solo presentation on Mira’s works in the Feature sector of the fair that caught Olivier’s attention. In September 2017, when Hauser in New York opened the “Mira Schendel Sarrafos and Black and White Works” exhibition, for which Bergamin & Gomide contributed by researching the whereabouts of some works, our gallery was invited to itinerate the show in São Paulo.
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Sarrafo, 1987, tempera and plaster on wood, 97,2 x 180,3 x 51,4 cm. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa
Now tell us about the exhibition. The exhibition shows a total of twenty-seven works: four of the “Sarrafos” (Splints) series, which consists of a total of only twelve works; five “Pretos e Brancos” (Black and White) of a series of around thirty; and works on paper of the mid-1960s. “Pretos e Brancos” and “Sarrafos” are Mira’s two final series before passing away. In terms of technique, the most complex to produce are the “Pretos e Brancos,” made in egg tempera, sawdust, gesso and pigment. After being painted, they were sanded and only then a final coating of tempera was applied. This group of paintings has two different surfaces with distinct topographies with a graphic element akin to the trail of a spaceship made with a wooden stick damped in Chinese oil.
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Sarrafo, 1987, tempera and plaster on wood, 90,2 x 180,3 x 53,7 cm. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa
Mira was a prolific artist. How large do you estimate is her life’s work production? It is not easy to be precise but experts estimate circa ten-thousand works produced along a four-decade career spanning from the early 1950s to 1988 when she died of cancer. It is only when Mira immigrates to Brazil in 1949 that she takes the path of visual art through oil painting.
Exhibition view of Mira Schendel Sarrafos and Black and White Works at Bergamin & Gomide, São Paulo. Photo by Ding Musa
According to Tate Modern curator Tanya Barson, there are few museums collections with her works. So where are Mira’s works for the public to see? Internationally, the MoMA, Tate and Houston Art Museum are the institutions with more works by Mira in their collections. The MAM in São Paulo has the largest collection in Brazil, donated by deceased gallerist Paulo Figueiredo.
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Untitled (from the Aguadas series), c. 1963, China ink on paper, 46 x 32,3 cm. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa
What do you point out were the main issues in her oeuvre? I would say language, matter and space. Language in its signifying and non-signifying forms surfaced in her works as early as 1963 and more so when she began using stencil after having been to London where she first exhibited at Signals gallery in a group exhibition in 1965 and again in a solo exhibition in 1966, curated by art critic Guy Brett. From London she brought with her sheets of Letraset typefaces and pasted them onto “space” resulting in the “Objetos Gráficos” (Graphic Objects) series with its characteristic floating letters.
Mira Schendel (1919-1988), Untitled (from the Aguadas series), c. 1963, China ink on paper, 46 x 32,3 cm. Courtesy Bergamin & Gomide. Photo Ding Musa (1)
Now let’s move on to matter. Matter was also key to her experiences. She painted in the tempera technique, sometimes mixing it with gesso, mortar, soil or mineral ore to create experimental textures over canvas or jute supports that bring to mind the works of Italian artist Alberto Burri. Following this phase she dedicated herself to explore paper of all kinds: rice paper, handcrafted papers, vegetal paper… Through these experiences she arrived at her “Droguinhas” (Little Nothings, 1965-6), soft sculptures of knotted rice paper in the form of malleable nets first shown for only two weeks in 1966 at Signals in London, at the gallery’s final exhibition before closing its doors. In the early eighties she saw herself painting again, the first medium she experimented with in visual art when she moved to Brazil. Now, however, she applied gold leaves to her tempera, creating minimalist, concrete paintings. By 1985-1987, she finally arrives at “Pretos e Brancos” and “Sarrafos,” a year before her death.
Exhibition view of Mira Schendel Sarrafos and Black and White Works at Bergamin & Gomide, São Paulo. Photo by Ding Musa
What about the issue concerning space? In her quest to challenge prevalent perception space was an ever-present issue since her earliest works. She never thought about her art without taking into account the issue of space. It was clear in Mira’s mind that her works were elements created to fill the existing void in the world.
Now tell us about your passion for Mira Schendel’s work. Comparing Mira to most artists of her generation, what I admire above all is the fact she did not follow trends. She swam against the tide, only did what she firmly believed in and never participated in any art movement. She produced an extensive oeuvre that includes sculpture, drawings, paintings and installations. Mira, as I see it, is Brazil’s greatest artist.
According to English art critic Guy Brett, she was a humorous person despite her reserved appearance, which I remember well in the 1980s in São Paulo’s then-small art-gallery circuit. To wrap up, what can you tell us about Mira’s as a person? There is an episode involving Mira and another sacred monster of Brazilian conceptual art, Lygia Clark. On one occasion, Lygia told Mira she thought her work should be more visceral to which Mira, under the bonnet of her awareness, said on the spot: “But Lygia, nothing is more ‘visceral’ than the brain.”
Mira Schendel Sarrafos e Pretos e Brancos (Sarrafos and Black and White Works) Through June 23, 2018 Galeria Bergamin & Gomide, São Paulo
Bergamin & Gomide team with partners Antonia Bergamin (arms stretched) and Thiago Gomide, São Paulo, 2018. Photo Ding Musa
Rio-born Cynthia Garcia is a respected art historian, art critic and journalist fluent in five languages stationed in São Paulo. Cynthia is a recipient of the 2023 APCA (Paulista Association of Art Critics) award as a contributing editor of Newcity Brazil since its founding in 2015. Her daughter America Cavaliere works in the contemporary art market and her son Pedro Cavaliere, based in LA, is in the international DJ scene.
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